Grades 4–5

Decimals

Decimals carry place value past the ones. Line the decimal points up and the column methods work exactly as they do for whole numbers.

What a decimal means

The first place after the point is tenths, the next is hundredths, then thousandths. 2.35 means 2 ones, 3 tenths and 5 hundredths.

Tenths and hundredths are fractions with 10 and 100 on the bottom: 0.3 = 310 and 0.25 = 25100, which is 14.

Worked examples

Adding

Write 2.6 as 2.60 so the columns match. 7 + 6 tenths = 13 tenths: write 3, carry 1 into the ones.

 1     4.75 +2.60  7.35

Subtracting

Exchange a tenth for 10 hundredths, then a one for 10 tenths, just as with whole numbers.

 4 1110  5.20 −1.75  3.45

Times a decimal

26 × 5 = 130. The question has two decimal places, so the answer does too: 1.30.

2.6 × 0.5 = 1.3

Strategies that help

Line up the points

Not the right-hand edge. Fill empty places with zeros if it helps.

More digits is not bigger

0.5 is more than 0.45, because 5 tenths is more than 4 tenths.

Money is hundredths

$3.07 is 3 dollars and 7 cents: 7 hundredths of a dollar.

Round with the tenths

To the nearest whole, look at the tenths digit: 6.48 rounds to 6, 6.5 rounds to 7.

A decimal place value chart

The places keep going to the right of the point, each worth a tenth of the one before.

NumberTensOnesTenthsHundredthsThousandths
3.4053405
0.62062
12.7127
40.094009

Practice questions

Work each one on paper first, then open the answer to check it.

  1. What is the value of the 7 in 4.72?
    Answer7 tenths, or 0.7
  2. Write 3 tenths and 8 hundredths as a decimal.
    Answer0.38
  3. Which is greater, 0.6 or 0.58?
    Answer0.6
  4. 3.4 + 2.5
    Answer5.9
  5. 6.25 + 1.8
    Answer8.05
  6. 7.3 − 2.6
    Answer4.7
  7. 9 − 3.45
    Answer5.55
  8. 0.8 × 10
    Answer8
  9. 4.6 ÷ 10
    Answer0.46
  10. Round 12.68 to the nearest whole number.
    Answer13

Common questions

Is 0.50 bigger than 0.5?
No, they are equal. A zero at the end of the decimal part doesn't change the value: 5 tenths is the same as 50 hundredths.
How do decimals connect to fractions?
Every decimal is a fraction over 10, 100 or 1,000: 0.3 = 3/10, 0.25 = 25/100 = 1/4.

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